Ukunikela ngegazi ngamava am
Ukunikela ngegazi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukunikela ngegazi kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokunikela ngobubele kunye nomanyano nabanye. Amava okunikela ngegazi anokuba yimpembelelo kwaye enebhongo, njengoko umntu enokuziva onwabile yaye aneliseke ngokunzulu ngokuba negalelo ekusindiseni ubomi bomnye umntu. Ukunikela ngegazi lithuba lokunikela inxalenye encinane yakho ukuze kungenelwe abanye abasenokuthwaxwa ziimeko zempilo ezifuna igazi.
Xa umntu enikela ngegazi, igazi lithuthelwa ezibhedlele nakubantu abalifuna kakhulu. Igazi lingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingozi ezimanyumnyezi, ukuxhasa abaguli abanomhlaza, okanye ukunyanga izifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana ne-anemia. Ngokunikela ngegazi, umnikezeli unethuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo kukhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu kunye nenkxaso yoluntu.
Ukunikela ngegazi kunokuba yinto engaqhelekanga, egcwele inkathalo kunye noxanduva. Abaxhasi abatsha kufuneka bahlolwe ngugqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wabo ukulungele ukunikela. Abaxhasi bafumana imiyalelo yezempilo kunye nemiyalelo ngaphambi nasemva kokunikela ngegazi, ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nokhuseleko lwabaxhamli.
Enye yeenkalo ezimangalisayo zomntu wokunikela ngegazi kukukwazi ukusindisa ubomi kunye nokunika ithuba elitsha kwabo banokuthi bahlupheke kwiimeko zempilo ezinzulu. Ikwanika umnikeli ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ekwakheni uluntu olusempilweni noluzinzileyo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kokunikela ngegazi, amanyathelo aqhubekayo kufuneka axhaswe ukwenza abantu baqonde ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo kwaye bakhuthaze ukuba bajoyine uluntu oluxabisekileyo lwabanikeli begazi.
Sithini isohlwayo sokunikela ngegazi?
Ukunikela ngegazi sisenzo esimangalisayo nesibalulekileyo sobuntu esinokusindisa ubomi babantu abaninzi. Ekubeni le nkqubo idinga ixesha kunye nomgudu ovela kumnikeli, kukho isohlwayo esinxulumene nalo mnikelo uhloniphekileyo. Umvuzo wokunikela ngegazi unokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukuziva ukhululekile kwaye wonwabile: Abanikezeli baziva bethuthuzelekile ngaphakathi kuba bayazi ukuba banegalelo ekusindiseni ubomi babanye. Le mvakalelo intle ibonakalisa impilo yabo ngokwasengqondweni nasengqondweni.
- Ukunceda ukusindisa ubomi babanye: Ukunikela ngegazi lithuba lokwenene lokuba lowo unikeleyo ancede abanye kwaye athomalalise ukubandezeleka kwabo. Igazi elinikelwe linokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi ezisongela ubomi, njengeengozi ezingxamisekileyo, utyando kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwasimahla: Xa unikela ngegazi, uvavanyo luyenziwa ukuqinisekisa impilo yomnikeli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaxhasi bafumana iziphumo zoxilongo olubanzi lwezonyango, ezibanika ithuba lokubeka iliso kwimpilo yabo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba abanazo naziphi na izifo ezithwalwa ligazi, njengeanemia, hypothyroidism, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), kunye neentsholongwane zeHepatitis B noC. .
- Inzuzo yempilo kumntu onikelayo: Inkqubo yokunikela ngegazi ithathwa njengesenzo sezempilo esiluncedo nakulowo unikelayo ngokwakhe. Igalelo ekuhlaziyweni kweeseli zegazi kwaye ngaloo ndlela igalelo ekuphuculeni impilo yegazi kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokuvuselela izicubu.
Ngoko ke, kunokuthiwa umvuzo wokunikela ngegazi yimvakalelo yolonwabo kunye nokwaneliseka kwengqondo, ngaphezu kokufaka isandla ekusindiseni ubomi babanye kunye nokufumana iimviwo zezempilo zamahhala, ngaphezu kwenzuzo yempilo yomntu.
Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni emva kokunikezela ngegazi?
Emva kokunikezela ngegazi, umzimba udinga ixesha elithile ukuze uhlaziyeke kwaye uphinde ufumane umthamo wegazi oqhelekileyo olahlekileyo. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ulwelo olukhoyo emzimbeni ukubuyisela iplasma elahlekileyo kwaye yenze iiseli zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe. Le nkqubo idla ngokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo.
Ngeentsuku ezimbalwa emva komnikelo, umnikezeli unokufumana iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezexeshana. Usenokuziva ebuthathaka yaye ediniwe ngenxa yokuphulukana noovimba bokwexeshana bentsimbi, yaye usenokuphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu okanye abe nesiyezi. Ezi mpawu zidla ngokunyamalala emva kwexesha elifutshane, kwaye azibangeli nkxalabo ngaphandle kokuba ziqhubeke ixesha elide.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ukutya okunempilo, okunokulinganisela emva kokunikela ngegazi. Kunconywa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ukubuyisela oko umzimba ulahlekile, ngaphezu kokutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwentsimbi ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwegazi elitsha. Usenokucetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kangangexesha elithile de impilo ngokubanzi ibuyiselwe.
Umzimba usebenza kunye ngokumangalisayo ukuphatha inkqubo yokunikela ngegazi kunye nokubuyisela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Ukunikela ngegazi kuyisenzo esibalulekileyo sobuntu esinegalelo ekusindiseni ubomi babanye, kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni impilo yomnikeli ngokwakhe.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukubuyisela igazi emva kokunikela?
Abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nokuba imizimba yabo idinga ixesha elingakanani ukuzalisa igazi emva kokunikela. Nangona ixesha elithatyathiweyo ukuze umzimba uphinde ufumane igazi elinikelwe lihluka kumntu nomntu, kukho inkcazelo eqhelekileyo enokunceda ukuqonda le nkqubo. Ixesha elifunwa ngumzimba lokuzalisa igazi lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nempilo yalowo unikelayo, amajoni omzimba, ukutya kunye nokusebenza komzimba. Ngokomyinge, kuthatha malunga neeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 ukuze umzimba uthabathe indawo yomthamo wegazi elinikelwe. Noko ke, kusenokuthatha ixesha elide ukubuyisela intsimbi emzimbeni, kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bentswelo namandla omzimba okufunxa. Abaxhasi kufuneka badle izidlo ezityebileyo kwisinyithi kunye neevithamini ukuququzelela inkqubo yembuyekezo kunye nokubuyisela amanqanaba aqhelekileyo emzimbeni. Kukho neengcebiso ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zilandelwe emva kokunikela, ezifana nokuphepha imisebenzi enzima kunye nokusela izixa ezaneleyo zamanzi ukunceda ukuphucula inkqubo yembuyekezo. Indlela umntu asabela ngayo kutyando lokubuyisela igazi iyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, yaye kuhle ukuqhagamshelana noogqirha abaziingcali ukuze ufumane inkcazelo nokhokelo olungakumbi.
Usela ntoni emva kokunikela ngegazi?
Emva kokunikela ngegazi, kubalulekile ukusela iziselo ezinempilo, ezinesondlo ukubuyisela ulwelo olulahlekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunikela kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubo yokuphilisa umzimba. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezibalaseleyo zokusela emva kokunikela ngegazi, kubandakanya:
- Amanzi: Sithathwa njengesiselo esilungileyo sokubuyisela ulwelo olulahlekileyo. Kuya kufuneka usele isixa esicetyiswayo samanzi emva kokunikela ukuze uqinisekise ukuhanjiswa kakuhle komzimba.
- Iijusi zendalo: Iijusi ezenziwe ngeziqhamo ezitsha ezifana neorenji, iapile, kunye negrapefruit zezona zibalaseleyo. Yongeza imvakalelo yokutsha kwaye inika umzimba iivithamini kunye neeminerali.
- Iziselo zezemidlalo: Iziselo zezemidlalo zinokuba zizityebi kwiiminerali kunye neetyuwa eziluncedo ekuphuculeni i-hydration kunye nokubuyisela ibhalansi yombane emzimbeni.
- Iti eluhlaza: Iti eluhlaza ithathwa njengesiselo esisempilweni esiqulethe i-antioxidants kwaye inegalelo ekwandiseni impilo yentliziyo kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
- Ubisi: Ubisi luqulethe iiprotheni kunye ne-calcium efunekayo ukukhuthaza impilo yethambo kunye nemisipha. Ubisi oluqhelekileyo okanye ubisi lwezityalo lunokuthathwa njengenye indlela.
Ungalibali ukudibana nogqirha wakho malunga neziselo ezivumelekileyo emva kokunikela ngegazi, njengoko usenokuba nezidingo ezikhethekileyo okanye imiqathango yesondlo.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokutsalwa kwegazi?
Inkqubo yokutsala igazi emzimbeni yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yonyango kwaye iyimfuneko kwiimeko ezininzi zonyango. Zininzi izibonelelo ezinokufumaneka ngokwenza lo msebenzi. Okokuqala kunye nokuphambili, ukutsalwa kwegazi kunokunceda ukuxilonga izifo kunye nokujonga imeko yempilo yonke yomntu. Isampulu ethathwe egazini ihlalutywa ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kumanqanaba ehomoni, i-enzymes, okanye iiseli zegazi, kwaye oku kunceda oogqirha banqume uhlobo lwesifo kwaye banike unyango olufanelekileyo.
Ukongezelela, ukutsalwa kwegazi kusenokuba luncedo ekuhloleni ukusebenza konyango namayeza awahlukahlukeneyo umntu awaselayo. Ngokuhlalutya isampuli ethathwe rhoqo, oogqirha banokuhlola indlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kunyango kunye nokulungelelanisa iidosi ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokunciphisa ingozi.
Ngaphezu koko, ukutsalwa kwegazi kunokusetyenziswa ukunikela ngegazi nokusindisa ubomi babanye. Ukunikela ngegazi sisenzo esimangalisayo sobuntu, njengoko igazi elinikezelweyo lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abaguli abathwaxwa ziingozi okanye izifo ezinokuchaphazela ukulungelelana kwegazi emzimbeni wabo. Ukunikela ngegazi kunokunika ithuba abantu abadinga utofelo-gazi lokuchacha baphinde baphile.
Ngamafutshane, sinokuthi ukutsalwa kwegazi yinkqubo yonyango eyimfuneko nebalulekileyo enokuba negalelo ekuxilongeni izifo, ekubekeni iliso kwimpilo, kwanokusindisa ubomi babanye. Yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye iphantsi kweliso lonyango olufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezikhuselekileyo.
Yintoni omele uyitye ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi?
Ukunikela ngegazi kugqalwa njengesenzo sobubele esibekekileyo esifak’ isandla ekusindiseni ubomi babanye. Kodwa ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, lowo unikelayo kufuneka alandele amanyathelo athile okutya ukuze aqinisekise impilo yakhe kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo. Kolu ludwe lwenziwe lula, siza kuphonononga ukutya okubalulekileyo ekucetyiswa ukuba kutyiwe ngaphambi kokuba kunikezelwe ngegazi.
- Ubisi olunamafutha aphantsi kunye ne-cereal yasekuseni: Ubisi luqulethe izondlo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kuquka i-calcium kunye neprotheni. Kucetyiswa ukuba utye isiqingatha sekomityi yobisi olunamafutha aphantsi kunye nesitya se-cereal ebandayo okanye eshushu sakusasa iiyure ezimbini ngaphambi kokunikela.
- Iyogathi enamafutha aphantsi eneziqhamo okanye iqhekeza lesonka: Iyogurt ngumthombo omkhulu weprotein kunye necalcium. Kucetyiswa ukuba utye iqhekeza lesiqhamo kunye neyogathi enamafutha aphantsi okanye iqhekeza lesonka phambi kokunikela ngegazi.
- Ukutya okutyebileyo kwe-iron: I-iron idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwe-hemoglobin kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-oksijini egazini. Kucetyiswa ukuba utye ukutya okune-iron okucebileyo okufana nemifuno (iimbotyi kunye neelentile), intlanzi (ingakumbi i-shellfish), imifuno enamagqabi, i-cashews kunye neerasentyisi.
- Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha: Kubalulekile ukukuphepha ukutya ukutya okunamafutha ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi. Ukutya okunamafutha kunokwenza igazi libonakale ngakumbi kwaye kube nzima ukukhupha iplasma, echaphazela umgangatho wesampulu enikelweyo.
- Ulwelo: Kubalulekile ukusela umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wolwelo phambi kokuba unikele ngegazi ukunqanda ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kucetyiswa ukuba usele iilitha ezintathu zolwelo ngosuku olungaphambi kwenkqubo yokunikela.
Isishwankathelo, kufuneka utye isidlo esilungeleleneyo ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, kubandakanywa nobisi olunamafutha aphantsi kunye ne-cereal yasekuseni kunye ne-fat-fat yoghurt eneziqhamo okanye isonka. Kufuneka utye nokutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron kwaye ukuphephe ukutya okunamafutha. Ungalibali ukusela umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wolwelo phambi kokuba unikele ngegazi.
Ithini imiqathango yokunikela ngegazi?
Ukunikela ngegazi sisenzo esixabisekileyo sobubele esinokuba negalelo ekusindiseni ubomi babantu abaninzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi, kukho imiqathango ethile ofanele uhlangabezane nayo ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwakho nokhuseleko lomntu oya kungenelwa kumnikelo wakho.
Kolu luhlu, siza kuphonononga ezinye iimeko ezisisiseko zokunikela ngegazi:
1. Impilo entle: Lowo unikelayo kufuneka abe sempilweni kwaye angakhathazwa sizifo ezosulelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba awuthwaxwa yingqele okanye ezinye izifo phambi kokuba unikele ngegazi.
- Ubudala obufanelekileyo: Ubudala bomnikeli kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-65 iminyaka. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba unesakhono esaneleyo sokubuyisela emva kokunikela ngegazi kwaye unqande naziphi na iingxaki.
- Ubunzima obufanelekileyo: Ubunzima bomnikeli kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kweekhilogram ezingama-50. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umthamo owaneleyo wegazi lomnikelo kwaye kukhusele nakuphi na ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka emva kwenkqubo yokunikela.
- Inqanaba leHemoglobin: Inqanaba lakho le-hemoglobin egazini lakho kufuneka libe phakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Le pesenti iphakathi kwe-14 kunye ne-17 grams yamadoda, kunye ne-12 kunye ne-14 grams yabasetyhini. Ukuba ipesenti ingaphantsi koko, awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi ngeli xesha.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kufuneka kube phakathi kwama-50 kunye ne-100 ngomzuzu. Ukuba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yakho liphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga okanye lisezantsi, usenokungakwazi ukunikela ngegazi.
- Ubushushu: Ubushushu bomzimba wakho akufunekanga budlule kuma-37 degrees celcius. Ukuba ubushushu bakho buphezulu, kungcono ukuhlehlisa inkqubo yokunikela de ubushushu bakho bubuyele kwesiqhelo.
Ngokuhlangabezana nale miqathango, unokukulungela ukunikela ngegazi kwaye uncede ukusindisa ubomi babanye ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Khumbula ukuba ukujonga kwiziko lakho lendawo yokunikela ngegazi kunokukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neemeko ezithile kwilizwe okanye ummandla wakho.
